Based on an article that originally appeared in Redbook.

Parents often struggle to determine whether their child’s symptoms are due to allergies or an illness. While both can cause similar signs like a runny nose and coughing, the underlying causes and treatments are different.

Allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to substances like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold. Common allergy symptoms include:

• Sneezing
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Coughing, especially at night
• Dark circles under the eyes
• Itchy throat or ears

Allergy symptoms usually last longer than those of a cold and tend to occur during specific seasons or when exposed to triggers. They are not accompanied by a fever and do not cause body aches.

Illnesses like the common cold or flu are caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms may include:

• Fever
• Sore throat
• Body aches
• Fatigue
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Cough

Unlike allergies, viral illnesses tend to come on suddenly and improve within a week to ten days. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat or sinus infections, may require antibiotics for treatment.

To tell the difference, consider the pattern and duration of symptoms. If symptoms persist for weeks, worsen with exposure to specific environments, or do not involve a fever, allergies may be the culprit.

Treatments vary: allergy symptoms can often be managed with antihistamines, nasal sprays, or allergy shots, while illnesses may require rest, fluids, or medications.

If you’re unsure whether your child is suffering from allergies or an illness, consult a healthcare provider or an ENT specialist. Accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment and relief.